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Contaminant
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Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water
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Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water
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Acrylamide
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Nervous system or blood problems; increased risk of cancer
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Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment
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Alachlor
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Eye, liver, kidney or spleen problems; anemia; increased risk of cancer
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Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
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Atrazine
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Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems
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Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
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Benzene
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Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills
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Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
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Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer
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Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines
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Carbofuran
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Problems with blood, nervous system, or reproductive system
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Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa
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Carbon
tetrachloride
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Liver problems; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities
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Chlordane
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Liver or nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer
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Residue of banned termiticide
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Chlorobenzene
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Liver or kidney problems
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Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories
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2,4-D
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Kidney, liver, or adrenal gland problems
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Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
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Dalapon
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Minor kidney changes
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Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way
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1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
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Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer
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Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards
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o-Dichlorobenzene
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Liver, kidney, or circulatory system problems
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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p-Dichlorobenzene
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Anemia; liver, kidney or spleen damage; changes in blood
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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1,2-Dichloroethane
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Increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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1,1-Dichloroethylene
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Liver problems
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
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Liver problems
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
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Liver problems
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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Dichloromethane
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Liver problems; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from drug and chemical factories
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1,2-Dichloropropane
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Increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
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Weight loss, liver problems, or possible reproductive difficulties.
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Discharge from chemical factories
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Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
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Reproductive difficulties; liver problems; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from rubber and chemical factories
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Dinoseb
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Reproductive difficulties
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Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables
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Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
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Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer
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Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from chemical factories
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Diquat
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Cataracts
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Runoff from herbicide use
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Endothall
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Stomach and intestinal problems
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Runoff from herbicide use
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Endrin
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Liver problems
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Residue of banned insecticide
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Epichlorohydrin
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Increased cancer risk, and over a long period of time, stomach problems
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an impurity of some water treatment chemicals
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Ethylbenzene
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Liver or kidneys problems
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Discharge from petroleum refineries
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Ethylene dibromide
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Problems with liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from petroleum refineries
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Glyphosate
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Kidney problems; reproductive difficulties
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Runoff from herbicide use
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Heptachlor
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Liver damage; increased risk of cancer
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Residue of banned termiticide
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Heptachlor epoxide
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Liver damage; increased risk of cancer
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Breakdown of heptachlor
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Hexachlorobenzene
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Liver or kidney problems; reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories
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Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
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Kidney or stomach problems
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Discharge from chemical factories
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Lindane
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Liver or kidney problems
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Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens
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Methoxychlor
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Reproductive difficulties
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Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock
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Oxamyl (Vydate)
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Slight nervous system effects
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Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes, and tomatoes
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Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
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Skin changes; thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies; reproductive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of cancer
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Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals
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Pentachlorophenol
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Liver or kidney problems; increased cancer risk
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Discharge from wood preserving factories
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Picloram
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Liver problems
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Herbicide runoff
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Simazine
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Problems with blood
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Herbicide runoff
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Styrene
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Liver, kidney, or circulatory system problems
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Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills
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Tetrachloroethylene
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Liver problems; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from factories and dry cleaners
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Toluene
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Nervous system, kidney, or liver problems
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Discharge from petroleum factories
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Toxaphene
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Kidney, liver, or thyroid problems; increased risk of cancer
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Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle
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2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
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Liver problems
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Residue of banned herbicide
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1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
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Changes in adrenal glands
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Discharge from textile finishing factories
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1,1,1-Trichloroethane
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Liver, nervous system, or circulatory problems
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Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories
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1,1,2-Trichloroethane
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Liver, kidney, or immune system problems
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Discharge from industrial chemical factories
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Trichloroethylene
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Liver problems; increased risk of cancer
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Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories
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Vinyl chloride
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Increased risk of cancer
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Leaching from PVC pipes; discharge from plastic factories
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Xylenes (total)
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Nervous system damage
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Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories
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